Informatics Publishing Limited

A. M. Sherene Christina Roshini ¹, N. Aravindha Babu ¹, R. Jayasri Krupaa ¹, K. M. K. Masthan ²

Affiliations
1 Sree Balaji Dental College and Hospital, Bharath Institute of Higher Education and Research, IN
2 Department of Oral pathology and Microbiology, Sree Balaji Dental College and Hospital, Bharath Institute of Higher Education and Research, IN

Abstract

Various dental materials used in dentistry has a potentiality to cause allergic reaction of oral cavity in patients. Certain materials can cause allergic reaction to dentists and technicians. The most common allergic reactions seen in dentists and other dental staffs are allergies to latex, acrylates and formaldehyde. While polymethylmethacrylates and latex trigger delayed hypersensitivity reactions, sodium metabisulphite and nickel cause immediate reactions. Dentists should have proper knowledge about the allergic reactions to dental materials in patients because over the last few years there is a rise in number of patients. Dental materials are suspected to have biocompatibility problems. The materials are composites, latex gloves, local anaesthetic agents, endodontic materials, impression materials and metals. In order to manage the allergic condition, clinician should know about the documented allergic reactions so that they can frame the treatment plan accordingly.

Keywords

Allergic Reaction, Hypersensitivity, Lichenoid Reaction.

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A. M. Sherene Christina Roshini ¹, N. Aravindha Babu ¹, R. JayasriKrupaa ¹, K. M. K. Masthan ²

Affiliations
1 Sree Balaji Dental College and Hospital, Bharath Institute of Higher Education and Research, IN
2 Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Sree Balaji Dental College and Hospital, Bharath Institute of Higher Education and Research, IN

Abstract

Generally, drug induced reactions are more commonly seen in population. Certain drugs have the capacity to cause pathologic reactions in the oral and perioral region.Drug induced diseases can help the clinician to determine the relationship with a particular group of drugs. The underlying mechanism is unknown but the final outcome of the disease can be predicted by pharmacodynamics and/or pharmacokinetics. Xerostomia, Swelling, Dysguesia, Nonspecific Ulceration, Vesiculobullous or ulcerative mucositis, pigmentation of mucosa, Gingival enlargement, oral malodour, taste alterations, discoloration of teeth are the clinical presentation of drug induced reaction. This review article gives a brief description about the diseases caused by drugs, so that dentists can update their knowledge for a better diagnosis and treatment.

Keywords

Adverse Drug Reactions, Drug Induced Xerostomia, Salivary Gland Diseases.

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A. M. Sherene Christina Roshini ¹, N. Aravindha Babu ¹, R. JayasriKrupaa ¹, K. M. K. Masthan ²

Affiliations
1 Sree Balaji Dental College and Hospital, Bharath Institute of Higher Education and Research, IN
2 Department of Oral pathology and Microbiology, Sree Balaji Dental College and Hospital, Bharath Institute of Higher Education and Research, IN

Abstract

On examination, lymph node enlargement may be an incidental finding, or may be associated with a patient complaint. Over half of the patients examined every day may have enlarged lymph nodes in the head and neck region. Oral health care providers must able to determine when lymphadenopathy should be investigated further since it has a high frequency of occurrence. But it is the duty of the clinician to search for a precipitating cause and examine other nodal locations to exclude generalized lymphadenopathy. Generally lymph node larger than 1 cm in diameter is considered as an abnormal lymph node. Malignancy should be considered when palpable lymph nodes are identified in the supraclavicular region, or when nodes are rock hard, rubbery, or fixed in consistency. Patients with unexplained localized cervical lymphadenopathy presenting with a benign clinical picture should be observed for a 2- to 4-week period. This article reviews common causes of lymphadenopathy, and clinical approach to a patient with cervical lymphadenopathy.

Keywords

Cervical Lymphadenopathy, Toxoplasmosis, Tuberculosis.

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N. Aravindha Babu ¹, A. M. Sherene Christina Roshini ², Krishna Prasath ³, K. M. K. Masthan ⁴

Affiliations
1 Professor, Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Sree Balaji Dental College and Hospital, Bharath Institute of Higher Education and Research, IN
2 Post Graduate Student, Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology Sree Balaji Dental College and Hospital, Bharath Institute of Higher Education and Research, IN
3 Reader, Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Sree Balaji Dental College and Hospital, Bharath Institute of Higher Education and Research, IN
4 Professor and Head of the Department, Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Sree Balaji Dental College and Hospital, Bharath Institute of Higher Education and Research, IN

Abstract

Dentistry is a high-risk occupation due to the frequency of exposure to blood and body fluids. Similarly patients are also at risk of acquiring infection from the dental field if proper infection control measures are not followed strictly. According to the routes of disease transmission, we can classify the diseases into three: bloodborne, airborne and also through fomites. Public health consequences of morbidity and mortality is due to emergence of newer diseases within these classification. Disease control measures must be implemented in clinics by the health care provider and dentists. Dentists should understand the impact of diseases and provide certain steps to control the spread of disease within the dental field. Bloodborne diseases, such as hepatitis A, E, B, C, D and G, HIV; respiratory diseases such as tuberculosis, influenza, severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), AH1N1 influenza and immunizable childhood diseases are the commonest diseases in society. Aside from infection control measures, immunisation against diseases and postexposure disease control measures should be implemented by the public health care professionals.

Keywords

Bloodborne Diseases, Respiratory Diseases, Immunizable Childhood Diseases, Public Health Measures.

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A. M. Sherene Christina Roshini ¹, N. Aravindha Babu ², K. M. K. Masthan ³, N. Anitha ⁴

Affiliations
1 Post Graduate Student, Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology Sree Balaji Dental College and Hospital, Bharath Institute of Higher Education and Research, IN
2 Professor, Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Sree Balaji Dental College and Hospital, Bharath Institute of Higher Education and Research, IN
3 Professor and Head of the Department, Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Sree Balaji Dental College and Hospital, Bharath Institute of Higher Education and Research, IN
4 Reader, Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Sree Balaji Dental College and Hospital, Bharath Institute of Higher Education and Research

Abstract

Suspected cases of abuse and neglect should be reported by the health and dental care providers to parents, society and law enforcement agencies. This review reports the oral and dental aspects of physical and sexual abuse and dental neglect in children and pediatric and dental care provider’s role in evaluating such conditions. Perioral and intraoral injuries which raise suspicion for child abuse or neglect are evaluated through bite marks. Multiple kinds of maltreatment have been exposed to children nowadays. Hence health and dental care professionals should be aware and educated about these concerns. Oral health problems can also be noticed in bullying and human trafficking victims. These are noticed by the dentist during physical examination or else children or young adults may reveal these facts about experiencing abuse or neglect. It is mandatory for all dental and health care professionals to know about the signs and symptoms of child abuse and neglect and in addition they should also know how to respond to those conditions.

Keywords

Oral Health, Tongue, Lips, Oral Mucosa.

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A. M. Sherene Christina Roshini ¹, N. Aravindha Babu ², R. Jayasri Krupaa ³, K. M. K. Masthan ⁴

Affiliations
1 Post Graduate Student, Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology Sree Balaji Dental College and Hospital, Bharath Institute of Higher Education and Research, IN
2 Professor, Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Sree Balaji Dental College and Hospital, Bharath Institute of Higher Education and Research, IN
3 Reader, Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Sree Balaji Dental College and Hospital, Bharath Institute of Higher Education and Research, IN
4 Professor and Head of the Department, Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Sree Balaji Dental College and Hospital, Bharath Institute of Higher Education and Research, IN

Abstract

Probiotics are used to control periodontal diseases, dental caries and halitosis (oral malodour. It also has a potentiality to manage multifactorial diseases such as the periodontal diseases and caries. Conventional treatment cannot restore homeostasis. Studies about the use of probiotics in dentistry are held, where certain studies had a negative result and some had a positive result. Probiotics are used to modulate and regulate the immune system of an individual.

Keywords

Homeostasis, Dental Caries, Gingivitis and Periodontitis.

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A. M. Sherene Christina Roshini ¹, N. Aravindha Babu ², Karthika Nagarajan ³, K. M. K. Masthan ⁴

Affiliations
1 Post Graduate Student, Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology Sree Balaji Dental College and Hospital, Bharath Institute of Higher Education and Research, IN
2 Professor, Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Sree Balaji Dental College and Hospital, Bharath Institute of Higher Education and Research, IN
3 Reader, Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Sree Balaji Dental College and Hospital, Bharath Institute of Higher Education and Research, IN
4 Professor and Head of the Department, Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Sree Balaji Dental College and Hospital, Bharath Institute of Higher Education and Research, IN

Abstract

Combination of telecommunications and dentistry such as exchanging clinical information and images over remote areas for dental consultation and treatment planning is known as Teledentistry. It has the capacity of improving the access and delivery of oral health care at lower price. It has a potentiality to eradicate the discrepancy in oral health care between rural and urban areas. This review article discusses about the scope, origin, requirements of teledentistry along with ethical and legal issues. This article also reviews about the teleconsultation methods and applications of teledentistry in rural and urban areas.

Keywords

Teledentistry, Telemedicine, Microphone, Headset or External Speaker.

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